X-ray emission for Ar11+ ions impacting on various targets in the collisions near the Bohr velocity

X-ray emission from the collisions of 3 MeV Ar¹¹⁺ ions with V, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn is investigated. Both the x-rays of the target atom and projectile are observed simultaneously. The x-ray yield is extracted from the original count. The inner-shell ionization cross section is estimated by the binary encounter approximation model and compared with the experimental result. The remarkable result is that the Ar K-shell x-ray yield is diminished with the target atomic number increasing, which is completely opposite to the theoretical calculation. That is interpreted by the competitive consumption of the energy loss for the ionization of inner-shell electrons between the projectile and target atom.     

Synthesis of flower-like WS2 by chemical vapor deposition

Flower-like tungsten disulfide (WS₂) with a diameter of 5-10 μm is prepared by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), Raman spectroscopy, and ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy are used to characterize its morphological and optical properties, and its growth mechanism is discussed. The key factors for the formation of flower-like WS₂ are determined. Firstly, the cooling process causes the generation of nucleation dislocations, and then the "leaf" growth of flower-like WS₂ is achieved by increasing the temperature.     

金刚石衬底上GaN HEMT沟道温度建模:各向异性且非均匀热导率的影响

为了改善GaN HEMT的自热效应,集成高热导率的金刚石衬底有助于增强器件有源区的热量耗散。然而,化学气相淀积(CVD)生长的多晶金刚石(PCD)具有柱状晶粒结构,导致了各向异性的材料热导率,且其热导率值与生长厚度有关。为此,通过建模金刚石生长过程中晶粒尺寸的演变过程,计算了金刚石沿面内和截面方向的热导率。基于该PCD热导率模型,利用计入材料非线性热导率的GaN器件热阻解析模型,计算得到了GaN HEMT沟道温度的波动范围,并分析了其与器件结构(栅长、栅宽、栅间距、衬底厚度)和功耗的依赖关系。最后,通过与有限元(FEM)仿真结果对比,分区域提取了GaN HEMT器件中PCD衬底的有效热导率,分别为260~310 W/(m·K)和1 250~1 450 W/(m·K)。本文的计算为预测金刚石衬底上GaN HEMT器件的沟道温度提供了快速、有效的方法。     

Air-Stable Hexagonal Bipyramidal Dysprosium(III) Single-Ion Magnets with Nearly Perfect D6h Local Symmetry

Eight-coordinated Dy^III centres with D_6h symmetry are expected to act as high-performance single-molecule magnets (SMMs) due to the simultaneous fulfilment of magnetic axiality and a high coordination number (a requisite for air stability). But the experimental realization is challenging due to the requirement of six coordinating atoms in the equatorial plane of the hexagonal bipyramid; this is usually too crowded for the central Dy^III ion. Here a hexaaza macrocyclic Schiff base ligand and finetuned axial alkoxide/phenol-type ligands are used to show that a family of hexagonal bipyramidal Dy^III complexes can be isolated. Among them, three complexes possess nearly perfect D_6h local symmetry. The highest effective magnetic reversal barrier is found at 1338(3) K and an open hysteresis temperature of 6 K at the field sweeping rate of 1.2 mT s⁻¹; this represents a new record for D_6h SMMs.     

Design of broadband achromatic metasurface device based on phase-change material Ge2Sb2Te5

Based on the phase-change material Ge₂Sb₂Te₅ (GST), achromatic metasurface optical device in the longer-infrared wavelength is designed. With the combination of the linear phase gradient GST nanopillar and the adjustment of the crystalline fraction m value of GST, the polarization insensitive achromic metalenses and beam deflector metasurface within the longer-infrared wavelength 9.5 μm to 13 μm are realized. The design results show that the achromatic metalenses can be focused on the same focal plane within the working waveband. The simulation calculation results show that the full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) of the focusing spot reaches the diffraction limit at each wavelength. In addition, the same method is also used to design a broadband achromatic beam deflector metasurface with the same deflection angle of 19°. The method proposed in this article not only provides new ideas for the design of achromatic metasurfaces, but also provides new possibilities for the integration of optical imaging, optical coding and other related optical systems.     

Pattern transition and regulation in a subthalamopallidal network under electromagnetic effect

Although the significant roles of magnetic induction and electromagnetic radiation in the neural system have been widely studied, their influence on Parkinson's disease (PD) has yet to be well explored. By virtue of the magnetic flux variable, this paper studies the transition of firing patterns induced by magnetic induction and the regulation effect of external magnetic radiation on the firing activities of the subthalamopallidal network in basal ganglia. We find: (i) The network reproduces five typical waveforms corresponding to the severity of symptoms: weak cluster, episodic, continuous cluster, episodic, and continuous wave. (ii) Magnetic induction is a double-edged sword for the treatment of PD. Although the increase of magnetic coefficient may lead the physiological firing activity to transfer to pathological firing activity, it also can regulate the pathological intensity firing activity with excessive β-band power transferring to the physiological firing pattern with weak β-band power. (iii) External magnetic radiation could inhibit continuous tremulous firing and β-band power of subthalamic nucleus (STN), which means the severity of symptoms weakened. Especially, the bi-parameter plane of the regulation region shows that a short pulse period of magnetic radiation and a medium level of pulse percentage can well regulate pathological oscillation. This work helps to understand the firing activity of the subthalamopallidal network under electromagnetic effect. It may also provide insights into the mechanisms behind the electromagnetic therapy of PD-related firing activity.     

1980—2018年镇赉县湿地景观格局变化与人为干扰的关系

以吉林省最大湿地保留区镇赉县为研究区，基于1980—2018年8期土地利用数据，采用网格分析法研究湿地景观格局变化规律及景观指数与人为干扰度的关系。结果表明：（1）镇赉县湿地面积减少290.7 km2，水体、滩地、沼泽变化率分别为-0.45，-2.97和-4.84 km²·a^-1。（2）镇赉县湿地率（PLAND）下降6.1%，且从西北部向东南部逐渐递增；斑块数量（NP）与斑块平均面积（AREA_MN）均呈先上升后下降的趋势，东南部湿地景观破碎化加剧，中部破碎化减缓；湿地连通度的空间分布格局为西北向东南递增，斑块结合度指数（COHESION）在中部地区显著增加，在东南部地区缓慢降低。（3）镇赉县湿地人为干扰度逐渐增强、耕地面积的增加和交通网的扩张是镇赉县湿地面积萎缩、景观破碎化加剧和连通度降低的主要人为原因。人为干扰度与NP呈显著正相关，与PLAND、AREA_MN、COHESION均呈负相关。稳定西南部和东北部耕地中湿地斑块，进一步加强中部湿地水体连通性，排查东南部湿地核心区违规建筑，实施分区治理，加强对镇赉县现有湿地的保护，以期实现区域可持续发展。     

Origins of Boosted Charge Storage on Heteroatom-Doped Carbons

Although tremendous efforts have been devoted to understanding the origin of boosted charge storage on heteroatom-doped carbons, none of the present studies has shown a whole landscape. Herein, by both experimental evidence and theoretical simulation, it is demonstrated that heteroatom doping not only results in a broadened operating voltage, but also successfully promotes the specific capacitance in aqueous supercapacitors. In particular, the electrolyte cations adsorbed on heteroatom-doped carbon can effectively inhibit hydrogen evolution reaction, a key step of water decomposition during the charging process, which broadens the voltage window of aqueous electrolytes even beyond the thermodynamic limit of water (1.23 V). Furthermore, the reduced adsorption energy of heteroatom-doped carbon consequently leads to more stored cations on the heteroatom-doped carbon surface, thus yielding a boosted charge storage performance.     

Promotion of a quality standard for Porana sinensis Hemsl. based on the efficacy-oriented Effect-Constituent Index

Multicompound determination for the quality control of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) may often be inadequate, since these compounds may not be associated with, or fully represent, the clinical effects of TCM. Moreover, the individual contributions of each constituent to the pharmacological effect are often not considered. In China, Porana sinensis is widely used as a substitute for Erycibe sources to treat joint pain and rheumatoid arthritis. The existing quality control methods for P. sinensis neither consider the individual contributions of various compounds nor control the actual quality associated with different clinical efficacies. In the present study, a novel efficacy-oriented approach, named the effect-constituent index (ECI), was established for P. sinensis. Analyses of the spectrum–effect relationship and components in rat plasma were conducted to systematically and scientifically select quality markers. Quantitative analysis of multicomponents via a single marker method was introduced to enhance the practical application value of the established ECI. The established ECI shows a good ability to distinguish and predict the bioeffect-based quality of P. sinensis. The present study also provides a reference for the establishment and application of ECI as a quality control method for TCMs.